The SoNAP gene from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) encodes a senescence-associated NAC transcription factor involved in response to osmotic and salt stress

Abstract

Climate change has caused serious problems related to the productivity of agricultural crops directly affecting human well-being. Plants have evolved to produce molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stresses, such as transcription factors (TFs), to cope with abiotic stress. The NAC proteins constitute a plant-specific family of TFs involved in plant development processes and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Sugarcane is a perennial grass that accumulates a large amount of sucrose and is a crucial agro-industry crop in tropical regions. Our previous transcriptome analyses on sugarcane that were exposed to drought conditions revealed significant increases in the expression of several NAC TFs through all of the time-point stress conditions. In this work, we characterize all previously detected sugarcane NAC genes, utilizing phylogenetics and expression analyses. Furthermore, we characterized a sugarcane NAC gene orthologous to the senescence-associated genes AtNAP and OsNAP via transient expression in tobacco calluses, from Arabidopsis and rice respectively, thus we named it the SoNAP gene. Transient localization assays on onion epidermal cells confirmed the nuclear localization of the SoNAP. Expression analysis showed that the SoNAP gene was induced by high salinity, drought, and abscisic acid treatments. The overexpression of the SoNAP gene in tobacco calluses caused a senescence associated phenotype. Overall, our results indicated that the SoNAP gene from sugarcane is transcriptionally induced under abiotic stress conditions and conserved the predicted senescence-associated functions when it was overexpressed in a heterologous plant model. This work provides key insights about the senescence mechanisms related to abiotic stress and it provides a benchmark for future work on the improvement of this economically important crop.